Mysql+Keepalived实现双主热备方式

目录一、Mysql安装、配置和安全启动二、两台Mysql配置双主三、安装Keepalived四、配置Keepalived

我们通常说的双机热备是指两台机器都在运行，但并不是两台机器都同时在提供服务。当提供服务的一台出现故障的时候，另外一台会马上自动接管并且提供服务，而且切换的时间非常短

MySQL双主复制，即互为Master-Slave（默认只使用一台MasterA负责数据写入，另一台MasterB备用），可以实现数据库服务器的热备，但是一台Master宕机后不能实现动态切换。

使用Keepalived，可以通过虚拟IP，实现双主对外的统一接口以及自动检查、失败切换机制，从而实现MySQL数据库的高可用方案。

一、Mysql安装、配置和安全启动

把mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz上传到/usr/local/src/

1、mysql安装

cd /usr/local/src/tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gzmkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.28

2、创建mysql用户组和用户

cd /usr/localgroupadd mysqluseradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysqlchown -R mysql:mysql mysql

3、初始化数据

cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.28bin/mysqld –initialize –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.28/ –datadir=/data1/mysql/data –lc_messages_dir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.28/share –lc_messages=en_USbin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup –datadir=/data1/mysql/data

4、修改配置

vi /etc/my.cnfbasedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.28datadir=/data1/mysql/data

5、配置环境变量

#编辑环境变量 .bash_profile表示当前用户个人配置只对当前用户生效vi ~/.bash_profile #将mysql的bin目录配置到环境变量中PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.28/binexport PATH #使配置修改后立即生效source ~/.bash_profile

6、修改密码、配置远程访问和安全启动

#启动前先设置免密登录vi /etc/my.cnf#添加如下配置并保存跳过权限验证skip-grant-tables=1 #安全启动cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.28/bin./mysqld_safe –user=mysql & #修改密码#进入mysqlmysqluse mysqlupdate user set authentication_string=password(\”123456\”) where user=\”root\”;#刷新权限表flush privileges; #配置远程访问use mysql#允许所有机器访问root用户 %代表所有机器update user set host=\’%\’ where user=\’root\’;#授权所有机器的root用户拥有所有数据库的所有权限远程访问密码root %代表所有机器grant all privileges on *.* to root@\’%\’ identified by \’root\’;#刷新权限表flush privileges; #退出mysqlexit #安全关闭./mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown #删除免密登录配置vi /etc/my.cnf#删除skip-grant-tables=1并保存 #安全启动./mysqld_safe –user=mysql &

二、两台Mysql配置双主

1、创建主从同步replication用户

2、授权

192.168.0.101

#授权IP192.168.0.102的从数据库replication用户拥有所有数据库的同步权限远程访问密码replicationgrant replication slave on *.* to \’replication\’@\’192.168.0.102\’ identified by \’replication\’;#刷新权限表flush privileges;

192.168.0.102

#授权IP192.168.0.101的从数据库replication用户拥有所有数据库的同步权限远程访问密码replicationgrant replication slave on *.* to \’replication\’@\’192.168.0.101\’ identified by \’replication\’;#刷新权限表flush privileges;

3、添加配置文件

[mysqld]basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.28datadir=/data1/mysql/data server-id = 101 skip-external-locking log_bin = mysql-binlogbinlog_do_db = samplebinlog-ignore-db = mysqlbinlog-ignore-db = performance_schemabinlog-ignore-db = information_schema binlog_group_commit_sync_delay = 100000 # 单位微妙binlog_group_commit_sync_no_delay_count = 20 # 单位每组事物数量 #设置复制类型slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK#设置并行数量slave-parallel-workers=4 #主主需要加的部分replicate-do-db = sample log-slave-updates=true#sync_binlog=1auto_increment_offset=1auto_increment_increment=2 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 12Ginnodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size = 128Minnodb_log_file_size = 256Minnodb_log_buffer_size = 32Minnodb_flush_method = O_DIRECTinnodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 slow_query_log = ONslow_query_log_file = /usr/local/mysql/log/slow.loglong_query_time = 5 sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION secure_file_priv=/usr/local/mysqlcsvfiles/ expire_logs_days=7max_binlog_size=1024M !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

4、添加之后

mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/logmkdir -p /usr/local/mysqlcsvfiles

5、安全关闭

./mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown

6、安全启动

./mysqld_safe –user=mysql &

7、进入mysql执行

#进入mysql执行show master status\\G; #分别记录主的binlog位置，在101的角度上102为主，在102的角度上，101为主File:mysql-bin.000001Position: 154 #设置同步关系（两个主都要设置）#其中master_log_file和master_log_pos要登录到对方机器执行show master status\\G;去查看stop slave;（在192.168.0.101）change master to master_host=\’192.168.0.102\’,master_user=\’replication\’,master_password=\’replication\’,master_log_file=\’mysql-bin.000001\’,master_log_pos=154;（在192.168.0.102）change master to master_host=\’192.168.0.101\’,master_user=\’replication\’,master_password=\’replication\’,master_log_file=\’mysql-bin.000001\’,master_log_pos=154; #分别启动slavestart slave;

三、安装Keepalived

1、安装编译依赖包

yum install -y gcc openssl-devel libnl libnl-devel libnfnetlink-devel

2、安装Keepalived

#解压keepalived压缩包放到/usr/local/并重命名为keepalivedcd /usr/local/srctar -zxvf keepalived-2.0.7.tar.gzmv keepalived-2.0.7 /usr/local/keepalived #配置keepalived 得到一个Makefile的文件夹#–prefix：keepalived安装目录#–sysconf：keepalived的核心配置文件，必须要在/etc目录下面，改为其他位置会导致启动不了，不配置在该目录下的话，启动keepalived时日志文件里面会报错，显示找不到/etc这个文件夹cd /usr/local/keepalived./configure –prefix=/usr/local/keepalived/ –sysconf /etc #编译和安装keepalivedmake && make install #创建keepalived软链接 /usr/sbin/如果存在keepalived就先删除ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ #复制keepalived脚本文件到/etc/init.d/目录下cd keepalivedcp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/ #设置Keepalived开机自启动chkconfig –add keepalivedchkconfig keepalived on #启动keepalivedservice keepalived start

四、配置Keepalived

1、编辑keepalived配置文件

vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

2、主服务器添加对应配置文件

global_defs {router_id LVS_LEVEL1#主服务器名称} vrrp_script check_run { script \”/etc/keepalived/mysql_check.sh\” interval 5#5秒执行一次脚本} vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER#主服务器 interface eth0#承载VIP地址到物理接口 virtual_router_id 51#虚拟路由器ID号，每个热播组保持一致 priority 100#优先级，数值越大优先级越高 advert_int 1#检查间隔，默认为1s authentication {#认证信息，每个热播组保持一致 auth_type PASS #认证类型 auth_pass 1111#密码字串 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.0.144#VIP地址（内网地址） } track_script { check_run }}

3、备份服务器添加对应配置文件

global_defs {router_id LVS_LEVEL2#备份服务器名称}vrrp_script check_run {script \”/etc/keepalived/mysql_check.sh\”interval 5#5秒执行一次脚本}vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP#备份服务器 interface eth0#承载VIP地址到物理接口 virtual_router_id 51#虚拟路由器ID号，每个热播组保持一致 priority 50#优先级，数值越大优先级越高 advert_int 1#检查间隔，默认为1s authentication {#认证信息，每个热播组保持一致 auth_type PASS #认证类型 auth_pass 1111#密码字串 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.0.144 #VIP地址（和主服务器设置一样） } track_script { check_run }}

附mysql_check.sh

#!/bin/bash/usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p\’你自己的数据库密码\’ -e \”show status\” &>/dev/null if [ $? -ne 0 ] ;then systemctl stop keepalivedfichmod +x /etc/keepalived/mysql_check.sh

4、重启keepalived

以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持悠久资源网。