SQL Server 2008 存储过程示例

–有输入参数的存储过程—
create proc GetComment
(@commentid int)
as
select * from Comment where CommentID=@commentid

–有输入与输出参数的存储过程–
create proc GetCommentCount
@newsid int,
@count int output
as
select @count=count(*) from Comment where NewsID=@newsid

–返回单个值的函数–
create function MyFunction
(@newsid int)
returns int
as
begin
declare @count int
select @count=count(*) from Comment where NewsID=@newsid
return @count
end

–调用方法–
declare @count int
exec @count=MyFunction 2
print @count

–返回值为表的函数–
Create function GetFunctionTable
(@newsid int)
returns table
as
return
(select * from Comment where NewsID=@newsid)

–返回值为表的函数的调用–
select * from GetFunctionTable(2)

SQL Server 存储过程中不拼接SQL字符串实现多条件查询

–以前拼接的写法
　　set @sql=\’ select * from table where 1=1 \’
　　if (@addDate is not null)
　　 set @sql = @sql+\’ and addDate = \’+ @addDate + \’ \’
　　if (@name <>\’\’ and is not null)
　　 set @sql = @sql+ \’ and name = \’ + @name + \’ \’
　　exec(@sql)

下面是不采用拼接SQL字符串实现多条件查询的解决方案

　　–第一种写法是感觉代码有些冗余
　　if (@addDate is not null) and (@name <> \’\’)
　　 select * from table where addDate = @addDate and name = @name
　　else if (@addDate is not null) and (@name =\’\’)
　　 select * from table where addDate = @addDate
　　else if(@addDate is null) and (@name <> \’\’)
　　 select * from table where and name = @name
　　else if(@addDate is null) and (@name = \’\’)
　　select * from table
　　–第二种写法是
　　select * from table where (addDate = @addDate or @addDate is null) and (name = @name or @name = \’\’)
　　–第三种写法是
　　SELECT * FROM table where
　　addDate = CASE @addDate IS NULL THEN addDate ELSE @addDate END,
　　name = CASE @name WHEN \’\’ THEN name ELSE @name END

SQLSERVER存储过程基本语法

一、定义变量

–简单赋值
declare @a int
set @a=5
print @a

–使用select语句赋值
declare @user1 nvarchar(50)
select @user1= \’张三\’
print @user1
declare @user2 nvarchar(50)
select @user2 = Name from ST_User where ID=1
print @user2

–使用update语句赋值
declare @user3 nvarchar(50)
update ST_User set @user3 = Name where ID=1
print @user3

二、表、临时表、表变量

–创建临时表1
create table #DU_User1
(
[ID] [ int ] NOT NULL ,
[Oid] [ int ] NOT NULL ,
[Login] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL ,
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4) NOT NULL ,
[ Name ] [nvarchar](5) NOT NULL ,
[ Password ] [nvarchar]( max ) NULL ,
[State] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL
);
–向临时表1插入一条记录
insert into #DU_User1 (ID,Oid,[Login],Rtx, Name ,[ Password ],State) values (100,2, \’LS\’ , \’0000\’ , \’临时\’ , \’321\’ , \’特殊\’ );

–从ST_User查询数据，填充至新生成的临时表
select * into #DU_User2 from ST_User where ID<8

–查询并联合两临时表
select * from #DU_User2 where ID<3 union select * from #DU_User1

–删除两临时表
drop table #DU_User1
drop table #DU_User2

–创建临时表
CREATE TABLE #t
(
[ID] [ int ] NOT NULL ,
[Oid] [ int ] NOT NULL ,
[Login] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL ,
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4) NOT NULL ,
[ Name ] [nvarchar](5) NOT NULL ,
[ Password ] [nvarchar]( max ) NULL ,
[State] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL ,
)

–将查询结果集（多条数据）插入临时表
insert into #t select * from ST_User
–不能这样插入
–select * into #t from dbo.ST_User

–添加一列，为int型自增长子段
alter table #t add [myid] int NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1)
–添加一列，默认填充全球唯一标识
alter table #t add [myid1] uniqueidentifier NOT NULL default (newid())

select * from #t
drop table #t
–给查询结果集增加自增长列

–无主键时：
select IDENTITY( int ,1,1) as ID, Name ,[Login],[ Password ] into #t from ST_User
select * from #t

–有主键时：
select ( select SUM (1) from ST_User where ID<= a.ID) as myID,* from ST_User a order by myID
–定义表变量
declare @t table
(
id int not null ,
msg nvarchar(50) null
)
insert into @t values (1, \’1\’ )
insert into @t values (2, \’2\’ )
select * from @t

三、循环

–while循环计算1到100的和
declare @a int
declare @ sum int
set @a=1
set @ sum =0
while @a<=100
begin
set @ sum +=@a
set @a+=1
end
print @ sum

四、条件语句

–if,else条件分支
if(1+1=2)
begin
print \’对\’
end
else
begin
print \’错\’
end

–when then条件分支
declare @today int
declare @week nvarchar(3)
set @today=3
set @week= case
when @today=1 then \’星期一\’
when @today=2 then \’星期二\’
when @today=3 then \’星期三\’
when @today=4 then \’星期四\’
when @today=5 then \’星期五\’
when @today=6 then \’星期六\’
when @today=7 then \’星期日\’
else \’值错误\’
end
print @week

五、游标

declare @ID int
declare @Oid int
declare @Login varchar (50)

–定义一个游标
declare user_cur cursor for select ID,Oid,[Login] from ST_User
–打开游标
open user_cur
while @@fetch_status=0
begin
–读取游标
fetch next from user_cur into @ID,@Oid,@Login
print @ID
–print @Login
end
close user_cur
–摧毁游标
deallocate user_cur

五、游标

declare @ID int
declare @Oid int
declare @Login varchar (50)

六、触发器

　　触发器中的临时表：
　　Inserted
　　存放进行insert和update 操作后的数据
　　Deleted
　　存放进行delete 和update操作前的数据

–创建触发器
Create trigger User_OnUpdate
On ST_User
for Update
As
declare @msg nvarchar(50)
–@msg记录修改情况
select @msg = N \’姓名从“\’ + Deleted. Name + N \’”修改为“\’ + Inserted. Name + \’”\’ from Inserted,Deleted
–插入日志表
insert into [LOG](MSG) values (@msg)

–删除触发器
drop trigger User_OnUpdate

七、存储过程

–创建带output参数的存储过程
CREATE PROCEDURE PR_Sum
@a int ,
@b int ,
@ sum int output
AS
BEGIN
set @ sum =@a+@b
END

–创建Return返回值存储过程
CREATE PROCEDURE PR_Sum2
@a int ,
@b int
AS
BEGIN
Return @a+@b
END

–执行存储过程获取output型返回值
declare @mysum int
execute PR_Sum 1,2,@mysum output
print @mysum

–执行存储过程获取Return型返回值
declare @mysum2 int
execute @mysum2= PR_Sum2 1,2
print @mysum2

八、自定义函数

　　函数的分类：
　　　　1）标量值函数
　　　　2）表值函数
　　　　　　　　a:内联表值函数
　　　　　　　　b:多语句表值函数
　　　　3）系统函数

–新建标量值函数
create function FUNC_Sum1
(
@a int ,
@b int
)
returns int
as
begin
return @a+@b
end

–新建内联表值函数
create function FUNC_UserTab_1
(
@myId int
)
returns table
as
return ( select * from ST_User where ID<@myId)

–新建多语句表值函数
create function FUNC_UserTab_2
(
@myId int
)
returns @t table
(
[ID] [ int ] NOT NULL ,
[Oid] [ int ] NOT NULL ,
[Login] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL ,
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4) NOT NULL ,
[ Name ] [nvarchar](5) NOT NULL ,
[ Password ] [nvarchar]( max ) NULL ,
[State] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL
)
as
begin
insert into @t select * from ST_User where ID<@myId
return
end