oracle导出数据到文本、从文本导入数据的详细步骤

admin Oracle

2023-12-07 0 1,003

经常有需求向表中导入大量的数据，使用insert不靠谱，太慢了，oracle提供了sqlldr的工具

也有时需要讲数据导入到文本，oracle的spool可以轻松实现oracle导出数据到txt、txt导入数据到oracle

一、导出数据到txt

这里用all_objects表做测试

SQL> desc all_objects;
Name Null? Type
—————————————– ——– —————————-
OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
OBJECT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
OBJECT_ID NOT NULL NUMBER
DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER
OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(19)
CREATED NOT NULL DATE
LAST_DDL_TIME NOT NULL DATE
TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19)
STATUS VARCHAR2(7)
TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1)
GENERATED VARCHAR2(1)
SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1)

拿object_id,object_name做导出、导入测试这里需要一些设置满足数据导出的样式

viexp_table.sql

set line 1000 –设置行的长度
set pagesize 0 –输出不换页
set feedback off –默认的当一条sql发出的时候，oracle会给一个反馈，比如说创建表的时候，如果成功命令行会返回类似：Table created的反馈,off后不显示反馈
set heading off –不显示表头信息
set trimspool on –如果trimspool设置为on，将移除spool文件中的尾部空
set trims on –去掉空字符
set echo off;　　　　 –显示start启动的脚本中的每个sql命令，缺省为on
set colsep \’|\’ –设置分隔符
set termout off –不在屏幕上显示结果
spool db1.txt –记录数据到db1.txt
select object_id,object_name from all_objects; –导出数据语句
spool off –收集完毕
exit

一切就绪后导出数据

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test @exp_table.sql

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 – Production on Thu Jun 13 16:35:14 2013

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sed -i \’s/ //g\’ db1.txt –可选，去除每行开头部分的空格
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ more db1.txt 20|ICOL$
44|I_USER1
28|CON$
15|UNDO$
29|C_COBJ#
3|I_OBJ#
25|PROXY_ROLE_DATA$

导出后检查数据的记录数是否正确

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cat db1.txt |wc -l
49988
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 – Production on Thu Jun 13 16:36:21 2013

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select count(*) from all_objects;

COUNT(*)
———-
49988 –数据正确

二、从txt导入数据到oracle

sqlldr是通过一个control文件设定后，从文本导入数据

建立一张测试表

SQL> create table tb_sqlldr (id number,name varchar2(50));

Table created.

建立一个control文件

vi tb_sqlldr.ctl

load data
infile \’db1.txt\’ –数据来源文本
append into table tb_sqlldr –数据导入到表tb_sqldr中，导入方式为追加，如果想覆盖
fields terminated by \”|\” –4、字段终止于X\’09\’，是一个制表符(tab)
(id,name) –定义对应的字段名称，注意顺序

导入数据分成四种模式，可以根据需求选择：

APPEND // 原先的表有数据就加在后面INSERT // 装载空表如果原先的表有数据 sqlloader会停止默认值REPLACE // 原先的表有数据原先的数据会全部删除TRUNCATE // 指定的内容和replace的相同会用truncate语句删除现存数据

执行导入操作

sqlldr userid=test/test control=tb_sqlldr.ctl

差不多5w的数据短短2s解决

执行导入后验证数据

SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;

COUNT(*)
———-
49988

导入成功

再执行一次导入操作，由于设置为追加

SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;

COUNT(*)
———-
99976

记录翻倍

sqlldr还有很多参数供选择，比如log、bad这些，查看帮助即可

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlldr

SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.4.0 – Production on Thu Jun 13 17:07:26 2013

Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,…]

Valid Keywords:

userid — ORACLE username/password
control — control file name
log — log file name
bad — bad file name
data — data file name
discard — discard file name
discardmax — number of discards to allow (Default all)
skip — number of logical records to skip (Default 0)
load — number of logical records to load (Default all)
errors — number of errors to allow (Default 50)
rows — number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves
(Default: Conventional path 64, Direct path all)
bindsize — size of conventional path bind array in bytes (Default 256000)
silent — suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions)
direct — use direct path (Default FALSE)
parfile — parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications
parallel — do parallel load (Default FALSE)
file — file to allocate extents from
skip_unusable_indexes — disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions (Default FALSE)
skip_index_maintenance — do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable (Default FALSE)
commit_discontinued — commit loaded rows when load is discontinued (Default FALSE)
readsize — size of read buffer (Default 1048576)
external_table — use external table for load; NOT_USED, GENERATE_ONLY, EXECUTE (Default NOT_USED)
columnarrayrows — number of rows for direct path column array (Default 5000)
streamsize — size of direct path stream buffer in bytes (Default 256000)
multithreading — use multithreading in direct path
resumable — enable or disable resumable for current session (Default FALSE)
resumable_name — text string to help identify resumable statement
resumable_timeout — wait time (in seconds) for RESUMABLE (Default 7200)
date_cache — size (in entries) of date conversion cache (Default 1000)

PLEASE NOTE: Command-line parameters may be specified either by
position or by keywords. An example of the former case is \’sqlldr
scott/tiger foo\’; an example of the latter is \’sqlldr control=foo
userid=scott/tiger\’. One may specify parameters by position before
but not after parameters specified by keywords. For example,
\’sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log\’ is allowed, but
\’sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log\’ is not, even though the
position of the parameter \’log\’ is correct.

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