目录
- request
- get()
- 添加参数使用param+字典
- 添加headers使用headers+字典
- 高级用法
- Cookies
- 维持会话Session()
- SSL证书验证
- 代理设置
- 超时设置
- 身份认证
request
用urllib去处理网页验证和Cookies时,需要写Opener和Handler来处理,很不方便,这里我们学习更为强大的库request
get()
实例:
import requests #导入requests
html = requests.get(\’https://www.csdn.net/\’)#使用get方法获取页面信息
print(html.text)#调取text属性查看页面代码
添加参数使用param+字典
import requests # 导入requests
data = {
\’jl\’: \’765\’,
\’kw\’: \’python\’,
\’kt\’: \’3\’
}
html = requests.get(\’https://sou.zhaopin.com/\’,params=data) # 添加参数
print(html.text) # 调取text属性查看页面代码
添加headers使用headers+字典
import requests # 导入requests
headers = {
\’User-Agent\’: \’Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36\’
}
data = {
\’jl\’: \’765\’,
\’kw\’: \’python\’,
\’kt\’: \’3\’
}
html = requests.get(\’https://sou.zhaopin.com/\’,headers=headers,params=data) # 添加参数
print(html.text) # 调取text属性查看页面代码
高级用法
cookies设置,代理设置等
Cookies
获取cookies:
import requests # 导入requests
headers = {
\’User-Agent\’: \’Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36\’
}
data = {
\’jl\’: \’765\’,
\’kw\’: \’python\’,
\’kt\’: \’3\’
}
html = requests.get(\’https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40966461/article/details/104974998\’,headers=headers,params=data) # 添加参数
print(html.cookies) # 调取text属性查看页面代码
for key,value in html.cookies.items():
print(key+\’=\’+value)
很简单,直接获取cookies属性即可
维持会话Session()
在requests中,如果直接利用get()或post()等方法可以做到模拟网页的请求,但是这实际上时相当于不同的会话,相当于用了两个浏览器打开了不同的页面,这时需要用session对象来维护对话
import requests # 导入requests
headers = {
\’User-Agent\’: \’Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36\’
}
data = {
\’jl\’: \’765\’,
\’kw\’: \’python\’,
\’kt\’: \’3\’
}
html = requests.Session().get(\’https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40966461/article/details/104974998\’,headers=headers,params=data) # 添加参数
print(html.cookies) # 调取text属性查看页面代码
for key,value in html.cookies.items():
print(key+\’=\’+value)
调用requests模块中get方法时先创建一个Session对象
SSL证书验证
import requests # 导入requests
headers = {
\’User-Agent\’: \’Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36\’
}
response = requests.get(\’http://www.12306.cn\’,headers=headers,verify = False)
print(response.status_code)
verify=False即可
代理设置
import requests # 导入requests
headers = {
\’User-Agent\’: \’Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36\’
}
proxies = {
\”http\”:\”http://183.166.132.176\”,
\”https\”:\”https://183.166.132.176\”
}
response = requests.get(\’http://www.12306.cn\’,headers=headers,proxies=proxies,verify = False)
print(response.status_code)
添加proxies即可,代理可以搜索快代理
超时设置
加参数timeout= 1
身份认证
get中添加参数 auth=(‘username’,‘password’)
OAuth认证方式
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