Docker-Compose 容器集群的快速编排方法

Docker-Compose 容器集群的快速编排

Docker-compose 简介

Docker-Compose项目是Docker官方的开源项目，负责实现对Docker容器集群的快速编排。
Docker-Compose将所管理的容器分为三层，分别是工程（project），服务（service）以及容器（container）。Docker-Compose运行目录下的所有文件（docker-compose.yml，extends文件或环境变量文件等）组成一个工程，若无特殊指定工程名即为当前目录名。一个工程当中可包含多个服务，每个服务中定义了容器运行的镜像、参数、依赖。一个服务当中可包括多个容器实例，Docker-Compose并没有解决负载均衡的问题，因此需要借助其它工具实现服务发现及负载均衡，比如 Consul。
Docker-Compose的工程配置文件默认为docker-compose.yml，可通过环境变量COMPOSE_FILE或-f参数自定义配置文件，其定义了多个有依赖关系的服务及每个服务运行的容器。
使用一个Dockerfile模板文件，可以让用户很方便的定义一个单独的应用容器。在工作中，经常会碰到需要多个容器相互配合来完成某项任务的情况。例如要实现一个Web项目，除了Web服务容器本身，往往还需要再加上后端的数据库服务容器，甚至还包括负载均衡容器等。
Compose允许用户通过一个单独的docker-compose.yml模板文件（YAML 格式）来定义一组相关联的应用容器为一个项目（project）。
Docker-Compose项目由Python编写，调用Docker服务提供的API来对容器进行管理。因此，只要所操作的平台支持Docker API，就可以在其上利用Compose来进行编排管理。

compose 部署

Docker Compose 环境安装

Docker Compose 是 Docker 的独立产品，因此需要安装 Docker 之后在单独安装 Docker Compose

#下载
curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.21.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

#或者已下载过直接从宿主机传入到/opt目录下
mv docker-compose /usr/local/bin/
#安装
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
#查看版本
docker-compose –version

YAML 文件格式及编写注意事项

YAML 是一种标记语言，它可以很直观的展示数据序列化格式，可读性高。类似于 XML数据描述语言，语法比 XML 简单的很多。YAML 数据结构通过缩进来表示，连续的项目通过减号来表示，键值对用冒号分隔，数组用中括号 [ ] 括起来， hash 用花括号 { } 括起来。
YAML 文件格式及编写注意事项
大小与敏感
通过缩进表示层级关系
不支持制表符tab键缩进，只能使用空格缩进
缩进的空格数目不重要，只要相同层级左对齐，通常开头缩进2个空格
用#号注释
符号字符后缩进1个空格，如冒号：、逗号，、横杠-

Docker Compose配置常用字段

字段描述build指定Dockerfile文件名（要指定的Dockerfile文件需要在build标签的子级标签中用dockerfile标签指定）dockerfile构建镜像上下文路径context可以是dockerfile路径，或者是执行git 仓库的url地址image指定镜像（已存在）command执行命令，会覆盖容器启动后默认执行的命令（会覆盖Dockerfile的CMD指令）container_name指定容器名称，由于容器名称是唯一的，如果指定自定义名称，则无法scaledeploy指定部署和运行服务相关配置，只能在Swarm模式使用enviroment添加环境变量networks加入网络，引用顶级networks下条目networks-mode设置容器的网络模式，host、bridge…..ports暴露容器端口，与-p 相同，但是端口不能低于60volumes挂载一个宿主机目录或命令卷到容器，命名卷要在顶级volumes 定义卷名称volumes_from从另一个服务或容器挂载卷，可选参数 :ro 和 :rw，仅版本'2'支持hostname容器主机名sysctls在容器内设置内核参数links连接到另一个容器，- 服务名称[ :服务别名 ]privilcgcd用来给容器root权限，注意是不安全的，truc|false（开启|关闭）restart重启策略，定义是否重启容器； no（默认，不重启）， always（总是重启）， on-failure,（退出状态非0时重启）, on-failure:3 ,在容器非正常退出时重启容器，最多重启3次， unless-stoped 在容器退出时总是重启容器，但是不考虑在Docker 守护进程启动时就已经停止了的容器depends_on此标签用于解决容器的依赖，启动先后问题。如启动应用容器，需要先启动数据库容器php: depends_on: – apache – mysql

Docker compose 常用命令字段

字段描述build重新构建服务ps列出容器up创建和启动容器exec在容器里面执行命令scale指定一个服务容器启动数量top显示正在运行的容器进程logs查看服务容器的输出down删除容器、网络、数据卷和镜像stop/start/restart停止/启动/重启服务

编写Docker Compose搭建lnmp论坛

部署前准备

vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 #末行添加
sysctl -p #刷新配置
systemctl restart docker #重启docker服务

配置nginx

编写dockerfile文件

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is nginx images<gb>
RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
ADD nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /opt/
WORKDIR /opt/nginx-1.12.0/
RUN ./configure \\
–prefix=/usr/local/nginx \\
–user=nginx \\
–group=nginx \\
–with-http_stub_status_module && make -j4 && make install
ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin
ADD nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/
RUN chmod 777 -R /usr/local/nginx/html/
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443
CMD [\”/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx\”, \”-g\”, \”daemon off;\”]

准备配置好nginx配置文件（添加支持php解析配置）

#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main \’$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] \”$request\” \’
# \’$status $body_bytes_sent \”$http_referer\” \’
# \’\”$http_user_agent\” \”$http_x_forwarded_for\”\’;
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
charset utf-8;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;

location / {
root html;
index index.html index.php;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \\.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \\.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 172.18.0.30:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache\’s document root
# concurs with nginx\’s one
#
#location ~ /\\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}

折叠

配置mysql

准备配置文件

vim my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

编写dockerfile文件

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is mysql image <lnmp>
RUN yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake make;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/
RUN cmake \\
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \\
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \\
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \\
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \\
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \\
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \\
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \\
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \\
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \\
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \\
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \\
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \\
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \\
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1;make -j 4;make install
ADD my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
EXPOSE 3306
RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/;chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/bin/
RUN ./mysqld \\
–initialize-insecure \\
–user=mysql \\
–basedir=/usr/local/mysql \\
–datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data;cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/;systemctl enable mysqld
ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
VOLUME [ \”/usr/local/mysql\” ]
CMD [\”/usr/sbin/init\”]

配置php

编写Dockerfile文件

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is php image <lnmp>
RUN yum install -y gd \\
libjpeg libjpeg-devel \\
libpng libpng-devel \\
freetype freetype-devel \\
libxml2 libxml2-devel \\
zlib zlib-devel \\
curl curl-devel \\
openssl openssl-devel \\
gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
ADD php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/php-7.1.10
RUN ./configure \\
–prefix=/usr/local/php \\
–with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \\
–with-mysqli \\
–with-zlib \\
–with-curl \\
–with-gd \\
–with-jpeg-dir \\
–with-png-dir \\
–with-freetype-dir \\
–with-openssl \\
–enable-fpm \\
–enable-mbstring \\
–enable-xml \\
–enable-session \\
–enable-ftp \\
–enable-pdo \\
–enable-tokenizer \\
–enable-zip ; make -j 4 ; make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/php/sbin:$PATH
ADD php.ini /usr/local/php/lib/
ADD php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/
RUN rm -rf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default
ADD www.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
EXPOSE 9000
CMD /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -F

将所需的三个配置文件修改后写入

vim php-fpm.conf
[global]
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
vim php.ini
[PHP]
engine = On
short_open_tag = Off
precision = 14
output_buffering = 4096
zlib.output_compression = Off
implicit_flush = Off
unserialize_callback_func =
serialize_precision = -1
disable_functions =
disable_classes =
zend.enable_gc = On
expose_php = On
max_execution_time = 30
max_input_time = 60
memory_limit = 128M
error_reporting = E_ALL
display_errors = On
display_startup_errors = On
log_errors = On
log_errors_max_len = 1024
ignore_repeated_errors = Off
ignore_repeated_source = Off
report_memleaks = On
track_errors = On
html_errors = On
variables_order = \”GPCS\”
request_order = \”GP\”
register_argc_argv = Off
auto_globals_jit = On
post_max_size = 8M
auto_prepend_file =
auto_append_file =
default_mimetype = \”text/html\”
default_charset = \”UTF-8\”
doc_root =
user_dir =
enable_dl = Off
file_uploads = On
upload_max_filesize = 2M
max_file_uploads = 20
allow_url_fopen = On
allow_url_include = Off
default_socket_timeout = 60
[CLI Server]
cli_server.color = On
[Date]
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
[filter]
[iconv]
[intl]
[sqlite3]
[Pcre]
[Pdo]
[Pdo_mysql]
pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000
pdo_mysql.default_socket=
[Phar]
[mail function]
SMTP = localhost
smtp_port = 25
mail.add_x_header = On
[SQL]
sql.safe_mode = Off
[ODBC]
odbc.allow_persistent = On
odbc.check_persistent = On
odbc.max_persistent = -1
odbc.max_links = -1
odbc.defaultlrl = 4096
odbc.defaultbinmode = 1
[Interbase]
ibase.allow_persistent = 1
ibase.max_persistent = -1
ibase.max_links = -1
ibase.timestampformat = \”%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\”
ibase.dateformat = \”%Y-%m-%d\”
ibase.timeformat = \”%H:%M:%S\”
[MySQLi]
mysqli.max_persistent = -1
mysqli.allow_persistent = On
mysqli.max_links = -1
mysqli.cache_size = 2000
mysqli.default_port = 3306
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
mysqli.default_host =
mysqli.default_user =
mysqli.default_pw =
mysqli.reconnect = Off
[mysqlnd]
mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On
mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = On
[OCI8]
[PostgreSQL]
pgsql.allow_persistent = On
pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off
pgsql.max_persistent = -1
pgsql.max_links = -1
pgsql.ignore_notice = 0
pgsql.log_notice = 0
[bcmath]
bcmath.scale = 0
[browscap]
[Session]
session.save_handler = files
session.use_strict_mode = 0
session.use_cookies = 1
session.use_only_cookies = 1
session.name = PHPSESSID
session.auto_start = 0
session.cookie_lifetime = 0
session.cookie_path = /
session.cookie_domain =
session.cookie_httponly =
session.serialize_handler = php
session.gc_probability = 1
session.gc_divisor = 1000
session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440
session.referer_check =
session.cache_limiter = nocache
session.cache_expire = 180
session.use_trans_sid = 0
session.sid_length = 26
session.trans_sid_tags = \”a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=\”
session.sid_bits_per_character = 5
[Assertion]
zend.assertions = 1
[COM]
[mbstring]
[gd]
[exif]
[Tidy]
tidy.clean_output = Off
[soap]
soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1
soap.wsdl_cache_dir=\”/tmp\”
soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400
soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5
[sysvshm]
[ldap]
ldap.max_links = -1
[mcrypt]
[dba]
[opcache]
[curl]
[openssl]

vim php-fpm.conf
[global]
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
折叠
vim www.conf
[www]
user = nginx
group = nginx
listen = 172.18.0.30:9000
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 5
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3

编写docker-compose.yml文件

version: \’2\’
services:
nginx:
container_name: nginx
build:
context: ./nginx
dockerfile: Dockerfile
ports:
– 80:80
networks:
lnmp:
ipv4_address: 172.18.0.10

mysql:
container_name: mysql
privileged: true
build:
context: ./mysql
dockerfile: Dockerfile
ports:

– 3306:3306
networks:
lnmp:
ipv4_address: 172.18.0.20
php:
depends_on:
– nginx
– mysql
build:
context: ./php
dockerfile: Dockerfile
container_name: php
ports:
– 9000:9000
networks:
lnmp:
ipv4_address: 172.18.0.30
volumes_from:
– nginx
– mysql
networks:
lnmp:
driver: bridge
ipam:
config:
– subnet: 172.18.0.0/16
折叠
#启动容器