使用Docker搭建Apache Kafka环境的详细过程

安装单个节点

安装单节点Kafka代理需能够满足本地开发需求，我们首先学习单节点安装。

docker-compose.yml 配置

使用Apache Kafka服务，首先需要启动Zookeeper 服务。这可以通过在docker-compose.yml 文件配置依赖实现，但要确保Zookeeper服务总是在Kafka服务之前启动，反之zookeeper最后停止。

首先创建docker-compose.yml文件，增加两个服务：zookeeper和kafka：

version: \’2\’
services:
zookeeper:
image: confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:latest
environment:
ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT: 2181
ZOOKEEPER_TICK_TIME: 2000
ports:
– 22181:2181

kafka:
image: confluentinc/cp-kafka:latest
depends_on:
– zookeeper
ports:
– 29092:29092
environment:
KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 1
KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181
KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://kafka:9092,PLAINTEXT_HOST://localhost:29092
KAFKA_LISTENER_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP: PLAINTEXT:PLAINTEXT,PLAINTEXT_HOST:PLAINTEXT
KAFKA_INTER_BROKER_LISTENER_NAME: PLAINTEXT
KAFKA_OFFSETS_TOPIC_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 1

Zookeeper服务监听2181端口为Kafka提供服务，但对于运行在本机的客户端，暴露的端口为22181.类似的，kafka通过端口29092暴露给主机应用，但实际上在容器中的端口9092。有KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS属性来配置。

下面通过使用命令启动容器、开启kafka服务：

$ docker-compose up -d
Creating network \”kafka_default\” with the default driver
Creating kafka_zookeeper_1 … done
Creating kafka_kafka_1 … done

下面通过nc命令严重两个服务正在监听各自的端口：

$ nc -z localhost 22181
Connection to localhost port 22181 [tcp/*] succeeded!
$ nc -z localhost 29092
Connection to localhost port 29092 [tcp/*] succeeded!

另外，也可以检查日志，当容器正在运行时验证kafka服务是否启动：

$ docker-compose logs kafka | grep -i started

可以看到Kafka服务已经启动。

最后可以使用Kafka Tool Gui 工具连接已安装的Kafka服务：

安装集群环境

生产环境需要更稳定的环境，下面扩展 docker-compose.yml文件创建多节点集群环境：

docker-compose.yml配置

集群安装需要zookeeper和Kafka有多个实例，下面为zookeeper和kafka增加多个服务：

—
version: \’2\’
services:
zookeeper-1:
image: confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:latest
environment:
ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT: 2181
ZOOKEEPER_TICK_TIME: 2000
ports:
– 22181:2181

zookeeper-2:
image: confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:latest
environment:
ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT: 2181
ZOOKEEPER_TICK_TIME: 2000
ports:
– 32181:2181

kafka-1:
image: confluentinc/cp-kafka:latest
depends_on:
– zookeeper-1
– zookeeper-2

ports:
– 29092:29092
environment:
KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 1
KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper-1:2181,zookeeper-2:2181
KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://kafka-1:9092,PLAINTEXT_HOST://localhost:29092
KAFKA_LISTENER_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP: PLAINTEXT:PLAINTEXT,PLAINTEXT_HOST:PLAINTEXT
KAFKA_INTER_BROKER_LISTENER_NAME: PLAINTEXT
KAFKA_OFFSETS_TOPIC_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 1
kafka-2:
image: confluentinc/cp-kafka:latest
depends_on:
– zookeeper-1
– zookeeper-2
ports:
– 39092:39092
environment:
KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 2
KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper-1:2181,zookeeper-2:2181
KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://kafka-2:9092,PLAINTEXT_HOST://localhost:39092
KAFKA_LISTENER_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP: PLAINTEXT:PLAINTEXT,PLAINTEXT_HOST:PLAINTEXT
KAFKA_INTER_BROKER_LISTENER_NAME: PLAINTEXT
KAFKA_OFFSETS_TOPIC_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 1

必须要确保kafka服务名称唯一，通过KAFKA_BROKER_ID 属性设置。而且每个服务必须暴露唯一主机端口。虽然zookeeper-1 和 zookeeper-2 监听2181端口，但对于主机端口分别为 22181 和 32181。类似的，kafka-1 和 kafka-2 services对应主机端口分别为 29092 和 39092。

启动kafka集群

现在通过docker-compose命令启动集群：

$ docker-compose up -d
Creating network \”kafka_default\” with the default driver
Creating kafka_zookeeper-1_1 … done
Creating kafka_zookeeper-2_1 … done
Creating kafka_kafka-2_1 … done
Creating kafka_kafka-1_1 … done

启动完成，使用Kafka Tool连接集群，地址通过逗号分割只读多个zookeeper地址和端口：