一篇文章让你搞清楚docker常用命令

1、显示docker的系统信息

docker info

[root@xiao docker]# docker info
Client:
Context: default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.6.1-docker)
scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc.)

Server:
Containers: 8
Running: 5
Paused: 0
Stopped: 3
Images: 16
Server Version: 20.10.8
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
userxattr: false
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Cgroup Version: 1
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: e25210fe30a0a703442421b0f60afac609f950a3
runc version: v1.0.1-0-g4144b63
init version: de40ad0
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1062.1.2.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.795GiB
Name: xiao
ID: SR3Y:RSZT:2ZAE:M33P:O2LT:55KN:A3XY:WE7V:QXJY:7Z32:M34L:NX7N
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://4h8ex9ed.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false

[root@xiao docker]#
docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker –help

文档地址： https://docs.docker.com/reference/

port # 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
pause # 暂停容器
ps # 容器列表
pull # 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
push # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
restart # 重启运行的容器
rm # 移除一个或多个容器
rmi # 移除一个或多个镜像（无容器使用该镜像才可删除，否则需要删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除）
run # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save # 保存一个镜像为一个 tar 包【对应 load】
search # 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像
start # 启动容器
stop # 停止容器
tag # 给源中镜像打标签
top # 查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause # 取消暂停容器
version # 查看 docker版本号
wait # 截取容器停止时的退出状态值
attach # Attach to a running container #当前shell下attach连接指定运行镜像
build # Build an image from a Dockerfile #通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit # Create a new image from a containers changes #提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp # Copy files/folders from a container to a HOSTDIR or to STDOUT #从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
create # Create a new container #创建一个新的容器，同run 但不启动容器
diff # Inspect changes on a containers filesystem #查看docker容器变化
events # Get real time events from the server#从docker服务获取容器实时事件
exec # Run a command in a running container#在已存在的容器上运行命令
export # Export a containers filesystem as a tar archive #导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件(对应import)
history # Show the history of an image #展示一个镜像形成历史
inspect # 查看容器详细信息
kill # kill 指定的容器

2、镜像命令

docker images

docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
jenkins/jenkins latest ba8a0e5dc5cb 4 months ago 570MB
nginx latest d1a364dc548d 4 months ago 133MB
portainer/portainer latest 580c0e4e98b0 6 months ago 79.1MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 6 months ago 13.3kB

# 解释
REPOSITORY: 镜像仓库源
TAG: 镜像版本信息
IMAGE ID: 镜像的ID
CREATED: 镜像的创建实际爱你
SIZE: 镜像的大小

可选参数
docker images
-a : (–all) 列出所有镜像
-q : (–quiet) 只显示镜像ID

2.1、搜索镜像

docker search [xxx]

docker search mysql

NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11470 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4354 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 848 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 555 [OK]
phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin – A web interface for MySQL and M… 332 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 91 [OK]

docker search mysql –filter=STARS=3000 # 搜索start数大于3000的
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11470 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4354 [OK]

2.2、拉取镜像

hub 搜索

docker pull 镜像名[:tag]

# eg
docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag, 默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a330b6cecb98: Pull complete # 分层下载，docker image 的核心联合文件系统
9c8f656c32b8: Pull complete
88e473c3f553: Pull complete
062463ea5d2f: Pull complete
daf7e3bdf4b6: Pull complete
1839c0b7aac9: Pull complete
cf0a0cfee6d0: Pull complete
1b42041bb11e: Pull complete
10459d86c7e6: Pull complete
b7199599d5f9: Pull complete
1d6f51e17d45: Pull complete
50e0789bacad: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:99e0989e7e3797cfbdb8d51a19d32c8d286dd8862794d01a547651a896bcf00c # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址

—-

docker pull mysql
等价于
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

—
# 指定tag
docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a330b6cecb98: Already exists # 联合文件系统，已存在的不再重复下载
9c8f656c32b8: Already exists
88e473c3f553: Already exists
062463ea5d2f: Already exists
daf7e3bdf4b6: Already exists
1839c0b7aac9: Already exists
cf0a0cfee6d0: Already exists
fae7a809788c: Pull complete # 下载不存在的
dae5a82a61f0: Pull complete
7063da9569eb: Pull complete
51a9a9b4ef36: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d9b934cdf6826629f8d02ea01f28b2c4ddb1ae27c32664b14867324b3e5e1291
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

—
#查看
docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 1d7aba917169 3 weeks ago 448MB
mysql latest 0716d6ebcc1a 3 weeks ago 514MB
jenkins/jenkins latest ba8a0e5dc5cb 4 months ago 570MB
nginx latest d1a364dc548d 4 months ago 133MB
portainer/portainer latest 580c0e4e98b0 6 months ago 79.1MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 6 months ago 13.3kB

2.3、删除镜像

docker rmi -f [镜像名、镜像ID]

docker rmi -f 1d7aba917169
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:d9b934cdf6826629f8d02ea01f28b2c4ddb1ae27c32664b14867324b3e5e1291
Deleted: sha256:1d7aba9171693947d53f474014821972bf25d72b7d143ce4af4c8d8484623417
Deleted: sha256:94ebbead5c58282fef91cc7d0fb56e4006a72434b4a6ae2cd5be98f369cb8c21
Deleted: sha256:989da5efad29ec59bd536cd393d277bc777f8b9b34b8e3ad9593a4b0a83b40f4
Deleted: sha256:7457ee6817c678da3cb383d27a3d79d5f3f25fbcb92958d5e8d5709e7631e23c
Deleted: sha256:fe7dac53adebe33519b4e4fc577bfcddd7372cc313c35fae681fc82fb325fdc0

3、容器命令

有了镜像才可以创建容器，下载centos镜像进行学习

docker pull centos

3.1、新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] imageName/imageId
# 参数说明
–name \”NAME\” 容器名字，tomcat01, tomcat02, 用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-i , -t #使用交互模式运行，可以进入容器查看内容
-p #指定容器端口 -p 8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口 -p 3344:80
-p 主机端口:容器端口 (常用)
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P #随机指定端口

3.2、启动容器，并进入容器

[root@iZm5e—– ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@c4a1504a9cf9 /]# ls #查看容器内的centos
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@c4a1504a9cf9 /]# exit # 退出容器
exit
[root@iZm5e—– ~]#

CONTAINER ID c4a1504a9cf9

3.3、查看所有运行的容器

docker ps # 查看运行的容器 exit之后就停止了容器
docker ps -a # 查看所有运行过的以及在运行的容器

docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c4a1504a9cf9 centos \”/bin/bash\” 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago hungry_euler
dc0c5076048e hello-world \”/hello\” 2 months ago Exited (0) 2 months ago busy_cori

docker ps -a -n=[数字] # 最近创建的容器
docker ps -a -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c4a1504a9cf9 centos \”/bin/bash\” 11 minutes ago Exited (0) 7 minutes ago hungry_euler

3.4、退出容器

exit #容器停止并退出
ctrl + p + q #容器不停止退出

3.5、删除容器

docker rm 容器ID # 删除指定容器不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 递归删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器

3.6、启动和停止容器

docker start 容器ID # 启动容器
docker restart 容器ID # 重启容器
docker stop 容器ID # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器ID # 强制停止当前容器

4、常用其它命令

4.1、后台运行容器

docker run -d centos
463f1dc43e444ff6b6d0efd3f0c5047e118ddf64deed3aea2a8b5a6c89df61bb
[root@iZm5e—– ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@iZm5e—– ~]#

发现后台运行的容器，停止了

❗ docker使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程。否则，docker发现没有服务，就会自动停止👀

4.2、查看日志

docker logs –help

#shell脚本造日志
docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c \”while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1;done\”
d5033adf13b49f537430fc19df9fe00b477301dfd3a2d9c287060c65c1a59d7b
[root@iZm5e—– ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d5033adf13b4 centos \”/bin/sh -c \’while t…\” 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds competent_jang
[root@iZm5e—– ~]#

#显示日志
docker logs -f -t –tail 10 d5033adf13b4
2021-09-27T07:05:08.800676670Z xiao
2021-09-27T07:05:09.803226803Z xiao
2021-09-27T07:05:10.806019019Z xiao
2021-09-27T07:05:11.809012200Z xiao
2021-09-27T07:05:12.811505073Z xiao
2021-09-27T07:05:13.817109532Z xiao
2021-09-27T07:05:14.819543508Z xiao
2021-09-27T07:05:15.822718210Z xiao
…

-tf #显示日志
–tail [数字] # 显示日志的条数

4.3、查看容器中的进程信息 (ps – linux)

docker top命令

docker top 容器ID

docker top d5033adf13b4
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 29087 29069 0 15:01 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1;done
root 29908 29087 0 15:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils –coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
[root@iZm5e—– ~]#

4.4、查看镜像的源数据

dockers inspect 命令

docker inspect d5033adf13b4
[
{
\”Id\”: \”d5033adf13b49f537430fc19df9fe00b477301dfd3a2d9c287060c65c1a59d7b\”,
\”Created\”: \”2021-09-27T07:01:42.833109605Z\”,
\”Path\”: \”/bin/sh\”,
\”Args\”: [
\”-c\”,
\”while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1;done\”
],
\”State\”: {
\”Status\”: \”running\”,
\”Running\”: true,
\”Paused\”: false,
\”Restarting\”: false,
\”OOMKilled\”: false,
\”Dead\”: false,
\”Pid\”: 29087,
\”ExitCode\”: 0,
\”Error\”: \”\”,
\”StartedAt\”: \”2021-09-27T07:01:43.288158158Z\”,
\”FinishedAt\”: \”0001-01-01T00:00:00Z\”
},
\”Image\”: \”sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6\”,
\”ResolvConfPath\”: \”/var/lib/docker/containers/d5033adf13b49f537430fc19df9fe00b477301dfd3a2d9c287060c65c1a59d7b/resolv.conf\”,
\”HostnamePath\”: \”/var/lib/docker/containers/d5033adf13b49f537430fc19df9fe00b477301dfd3a2d9c287060c65c1a59d7b/hostname\”,
\”HostsPath\”: \”/var/lib/docker/containers/d5033adf13b49f537430fc19df9fe00b477301dfd3a2d9c287060c65c1a59d7b/hosts\”,
\”LogPath\”: \”/var/lib/docker/containers/d5033adf13b49f537430fc19df9fe00b477301dfd3a2d9c287060c65c1a59d7b/d5033adf13b49f537430fc19df9fe00b477301dfd3a2d9c287060c65c1a59d7b-json.log\”,
\”Name\”: \”/competent_jang\”,
\”RestartCount\”: 0,
\”Driver\”: \”overlay2\”,
\”Platform\”: \”linux\”,
\”MountLabel\”: \”\”,
\”ProcessLabel\”: \”\”,
\”AppArmorProfile\”: \”\”,
\”ExecIDs\”: null,
\”HostConfig\”: {
\”Binds\”: null,
\”ContainerIDFile\”: \”\”,
\”LogConfig\”: {
\”Type\”: \”json-file\”,
\”Config\”: {}
},
\”NetworkMode\”: \”default\”,
\”PortBindings\”: {},
\”RestartPolicy\”: {
\”Name\”: \”no\”,
\”MaximumRetryCount\”: 0
},
\”AutoRemove\”: false,
\”VolumeDriver\”: \”\”,
\”VolumesFrom\”: null,
\”CapAdd\”: null,
\”CapDrop\”: null,
\”CgroupnsMode\”: \”host\”,
\”Dns\”: [],
\”DnsOptions\”: [],
\”DnsSearch\”: [],
\”ExtraHosts\”: null,
\”GroupAdd\”: null,
\”IpcMode\”: \”private\”,
\”Cgroup\”: \”\”,
\”Links\”: null,
\”OomScoreAdj\”: 0,
\”PidMode\”: \”\”,
\”Privileged\”: false,
\”PublishAllPorts\”: false,
\”ReadonlyRootfs\”: false,
\”SecurityOpt\”: null,
\”UTSMode\”: \”\”,
\”UsernsMode\”: \”\”,
\”ShmSize\”: 67108864,
\”Runtime\”: \”runc\”,
\”ConsoleSize\”: [
0,
0
],
\”Isolation\”: \”\”,
\”CpuShares\”: 0,
\”Memory\”: 0,
\”NanoCpus\”: 0,
\”CgroupParent\”: \”\”,
\”BlkioWeight\”: 0,
\”BlkioWeightDevice\”: [],
\”BlkioDeviceReadBps\”: null,
\”BlkioDeviceWriteBps\”: null,
\”BlkioDeviceReadIOps\”: null,
\”BlkioDeviceWriteIOps\”: null,
\”CpuPeriod\”: 0,
\”CpuQuota\”: 0,
\”CpuRealtimePeriod\”: 0,
\”CpuRealtimeRuntime\”: 0,
\”CpusetCpus\”: \”\”,
\”CpusetMems\”: \”\”,
\”Devices\”: [],
\”DeviceCgroupRules\”: null,
\”DeviceRequests\”: null,
\”KernelMemory\”: 0,
\”KernelMemoryTCP\”: 0,
\”MemoryReservation\”: 0,
\”MemorySwap\”: 0,
\”MemorySwappiness\”: null,
\”OomKillDisable\”: false,
\”PidsLimit\”: null,
\”Ulimits\”: null,
\”CpuCount\”: 0,
\”CpuPercent\”: 0,
\”IOMaximumIOps\”: 0,
\”IOMaximumBandwidth\”: 0,
\”MaskedPaths\”: [
\”/proc/asound\”,
\”/proc/acpi\”,
\”/proc/kcore\”,
\”/proc/keys\”,
\”/proc/latency_stats\”,
\”/proc/timer_list\”,
\”/proc/timer_stats\”,
\”/proc/sched_debug\”,
\”/proc/scsi\”,
\”/sys/firmware\”
],
\”ReadonlyPaths\”: [
\”/proc/bus\”,
\”/proc/fs\”,
\”/proc/irq\”,
\”/proc/sys\”,
\”/proc/sysrq-trigger\”
]
},
\”GraphDriver\”: {
\”Data\”: {
\”LowerDir\”: \”/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9aec4e083e254075a863c62c5c54f7ad2d7321750b4384ff1e092e25c5dc257e-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d6e4be0166eac21b08ff7e34bb088bd7488086c5fd04603879424af35f8e6190/diff\”,
\”MergedDir\”: \”/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9aec4e083e254075a863c62c5c54f7ad2d7321750b4384ff1e092e25c5dc257e/merged\”,
\”UpperDir\”: \”/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9aec4e083e254075a863c62c5c54f7ad2d7321750b4384ff1e092e25c5dc257e/diff\”,
\”WorkDir\”: \”/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9aec4e083e254075a863c62c5c54f7ad2d7321750b4384ff1e092e25c5dc257e/work\”
},
\”Name\”: \”overlay2\”
},
\”Mounts\”: [],
\”Config\”: {
\”Hostname\”: \”d5033adf13b4\”,
\”Domainname\”: \”\”,
\”User\”: \”\”,
\”AttachStdin\”: false,
\”AttachStdout\”: false,
\”AttachStderr\”: false,
\”Tty\”: false,
\”OpenStdin\”: false,
\”StdinOnce\”: false,
\”Env\”: [
\”PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\”
],
\”Cmd\”: [
\”/bin/sh\”,
\”-c\”,
\”while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1;done\”
],
\”Image\”: \”centos\”,
\”Volumes\”: null,
\”WorkingDir\”: \”\”,
\”Entrypoint\”: null,
\”OnBuild\”: null,
\”Labels\”: {
\”org.label-schema.build-date\”: \”20210915\”,
\”org.label-schema.license\”: \”GPLv2\”,
\”org.label-schema.name\”: \”CentOS Base Image\”,
\”org.label-schema.schema-version\”: \”1.0\”,
\”org.label-schema.vendor\”: \”CentOS\”
}
},
\”NetworkSettings\”: {
\”Bridge\”: \”\”,
\”SandboxID\”: \”182c5e5a4f65a8c8ae6fffc733ef2ff02b9c7ea0e374331017cb651077fb77c6\”,
\”HairpinMode\”: false,
\”LinkLocalIPv6Address\”: \”\”,
\”LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen\”: 0,
\”Ports\”: {},
\”SandboxKey\”: \”/var/run/docker/netns/182c5e5a4f65\”,
\”SecondaryIPAddresses\”: null,
\”SecondaryIPv6Addresses\”: null,
\”EndpointID\”: \”7dd5c90916bf7c472a88dc308498f198b59c9606c144c6d413b77ecc03e05cc1\”,
\”Gateway\”: \”172.17.0.1\”,
\”GlobalIPv6Address\”: \”\”,
\”GlobalIPv6PrefixLen\”: 0,
\”IPAddress\”: \”172.17.0.2\”,
\”IPPrefixLen\”: 16,
\”IPv6Gateway\”: \”\”,
\”MacAddress\”: \”02:42:ac:11:00:02\”,
\”Networks\”: {
\”bridge\”: {
\”IPAMConfig\”: null,
\”Links\”: null,
\”Aliases\”: null,
\”NetworkID\”: \”feafa30d4051f24353508959bd420fd163ad0c98d6b30ec8ff13b59a59552bb1\”,
\”EndpointID\”: \”7dd5c90916bf7c472a88dc308498f198b59c9606c144c6d413b77ecc03e05cc1\”,
\”Gateway\”: \”172.17.0.1\”,
\”IPAddress\”: \”172.17.0.2\”,
\”IPPrefixLen\”: 16,
\”IPv6Gateway\”: \”\”,
\”GlobalIPv6Address\”: \”\”,
\”GlobalIPv6PrefixLen\”: 0,
\”MacAddress\”: \”02:42:ac:11:00:02\”,
\”DriverOpts\”: null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@iZm5e—– ~]#

4.5、进入当前正在运行的容器

4.5.1、docker exec -it 容器ID bashShell （常用）

docker exec -it d5033adf13b4 /bin/bash
[root@d5033adf13b4 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@d5033adf13b4 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 07:01 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1;done
root 1895 0 0 07:33 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 1937 1 0 07:33 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils –coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 1938 1895 0 07:33 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@d5033adf13b4 /]#

4.5.2、docker attach 容器ID

docker attach d5033adf13b4
xiao
xiao
xiao
xiao
xiao
…

4.5.3、二者区别

docker exec # 进入容器后，开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作

docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会开启新的进程。

4.6、拷贝容器内文件到主机上

手动同步

docker cp 命令

docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径目的主机路径

docker cp 2b7529b86ad0:/home/index.txt /home
[root@iZm5e—– ~]# ls
life mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm study testSH work
[root@iZm5e—– ~]# cd /home/
[root@iZm5e—– home]# ls
index.txt jenkins test
[root@iZm5e—– home]#