Hadoop部署的基础设施操作详解

官网导读

hadoop.apache.org/docs/r2.6.5…

支持最好的平台：GNU/Linux
依赖的软件：
- Java™ must be installed. Recommended Java versions are described at HadoopJavaVersions.Hadoop基于Java开发，Java的移动性好
- ssh must be installed and sshd must be running to use the Hadoop scripts that manage remote Hadoop daemons.
部署模式：
- Local (Standalone) Mode 单机模式，主要用于debug
- Pseudo-Distributed Mode 伪分布式，单节点多角色
- Fully-Distributed Mode 完全分布式，多节点多角色

基础设施

操作系统、环境、网络、必须软件

设置IP及主机名
关闭防火墙&selinux
设置hosts映射
时间同步
安装jdk
设置SSH免秘钥

设置IP及主机名

可以正常联网查看IP

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.0.118 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255
inet6 fe80::3db1:f589:4820:5457 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:18:10:17 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 462062 bytes 670399544 (639.3 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 166351 bytes 11096211 (10.5 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 84 bytes 13940 (13.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 84 bytes 13940 (13.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:5a:69:e1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
// 配置
DEVICE=eth0
#HWADDR=00:0C:29:42:15:C2
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_TROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.150.11
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.150.2
DNS1=223.5.5.5
DNS2=114.114.114.114

修改配置文件设置主机名

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
// 设置主机名并保存退出
HOSTNAME=node01

关闭防火墙&selinux

//关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
//关闭开机启动防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
//将配置文件中的SELINUX设置为disabled
SELINUX=disabled

设置hosts映射

增加映射关系，因为在现在搭建环境的时候，一般会做解耦，不会再软件配置文件中写ip地址，主要使用主机名，就和dns解析一样，避免ip改变时要修改很多配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts
// 增加映射关系
192.168.0.118 node01
192.168.0.119 node02

时间同步

所有节点时间需同步一致，不然未来做心跳的时候会有问题

[root@localhost ~]# date
Fri Dec 30 22:23:45 CST 2022
// 安装ntp
[root@localhost ~]# yum install ntp -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
Package ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/ntp.conf
// 增加配置
server ntp1.aliyun.com
// 启动ntpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start ntpd.service
// 配置开机启动ntpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable ntpd.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ntpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]#

安装jdk

设置环境变量的时候要记得设置两次，一次在安装jdk的时候设置，一次在搭建Hadoop的时候设置

去官网下载jdk，最好是rpm包，然后上传到服务器节点中（使用jdk压缩包解压安装需要做很多其他的配置）

这里使用过windows下载，通过scp命令上传到118节点中

F:\\workspace\\demo>scp C:\\Users\\43866\\Downloads\\jdk-8u351-linux-x64.rpm root@192.168.0.118:/usr/jdk
root@192.168.0.118\’s password:
jdk-8u351-linux-aarch64.rpm 100% 59MB 70.1MB/s 00:00
F:\\workspace\\demo>

在118节点中使用命令安装jdk

[root@node01 jdk]# rpm -i jdk-8u351-linux-x64.rpm
warning: jdk-8u351-linux-x64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Unpacking JAR files…
tools.jar…
plugin.jar…
javaws.jar…
deploy.jar…
rt.jar…
jsse.jar…
charsets.jar…
localedata.jar…
[root@node01 jdk]#

设置JAVA_HOME环境变量

[root@node01 default]# vi /etc/profile
// 追加环境变量并保存文件
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

设置SSH免秘钥

想要使用Hadoop脚本就必须设置ssh免密

1、检查是否已设置ssh免密

[root@node01 default]# ssh localhost
The authenticity of host \’localhost (::1)\’ can\’t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:rDsunaro1f5LyKkEeNohXfDD9oEglNXtviD/JZtA1dw.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:51:38:8d:fc:e4:d2:c7:ce:66:09:c8:f2:e6:9e:a7:f2.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added \’localhost\’ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@localhost\’s password:

通过ssh localhost命令检查发现需要输入密码，说明还未设置ssh免密，而且还可以自动生成.ssh文件，这个文件要创建的话比较麻烦

2、生成秘钥和公钥

如果118节点想免密登录到118节点（自己）：

118节点就要生成公钥和秘钥，且将公钥放到 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys中

[root@node01 .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -P \’\’ -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:GHhKB7GeoYYlNPWJpCZ+VoABUyIgDbdYrjjyAdgui1k root@node01
The key\’s randomart image is:
+—[DSA 1024]—-+
|@BB+o. |
|=X=.++. |
|*o=.=++ |
|=B +.* o |
|B.Eo+ . S |
|oOo. |
|+ . |
| |
| |
+—-[SHA256]—–+
[root@node01 .ssh]# cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
[root@node01 .ssh]#
[root@node01 .ssh]# ssh 192.168.0.118
Last login: Sat Dec 31 13:52:49 2022 from 192.168.0.117
[root@node01 ~]#