Ubuntu通过Netplan配置网络教程

UbuntuthroughNetplanconfigurationnetworktutorial

一、Netplan配置流程

1.Netplanconfigurationprocess

1、Netplan默认配置文件在/etc/netplan目录下。您可以使用以下命令找到：

1.ThedefaultconfigurationfileofNetplanisinthe/etc/netplandirectory.Youcanfinditwiththefollowingcommand:

ls /etc/netplan/

就可以看到配置文件名称。

Youcanseetheconfigurationfilename.

2、查看Netplan网络配置文件的内容，执行以下命令：

2.ViewthecontentsoftheNetplannetworkconfigurationfileandexecutethefollowingcommand:

cat /etc/netplan/*.yaml

3、现在你需要在任何编辑器中打开配置文件：由于我使用 vim 编辑器来编辑配置文件，所以我将运行：

3.Nowyouneedtoopentheconfigurationfileinanyeditor:SinceIusethevimeditortoedittheconfigurationfile,Iwillrun:

vim /etc/netplan/*.yaml

根据您的网络需要更新配置文件。对于静态 IP 寻址，添加 IP 地址、网关、DNS 信息，而对于动态 IP 寻址，无需添加此信息，因为它将从 DHCP 服务器获取此信息。使用以下语法编辑配置文件。

Updatetheconfigurationfileaccordingtoyournetworkneeds.ForstaticIPaddressing,addIPaddress,gateway,DNSinformation,andfordynamicIPaddressing,thereisnoneedtoaddthisinformationbecauseitwillgetthisinformationfromtheDHCPserver.Usethefollowingsyntaxtoedittheconfigurationfile.

4、在应用任何更改之前，我们将测试配置文件。

4.Wewilltesttheconfigurationfilebeforeapplyinganychanges.

sudo netplan try

如果没有问题，它将返回配置接受消息。如果配置文件未通过测试，它将恢复为以前的工作配置。

Ifthereisnoproblem,itwillreturnaconfigurationacceptancemessage.Iftheconfigurationfilefailsthetest,itwillreverttothepreviousworkingconfiguration.

5、运行以下命令来应用新配置：

5.Runthefollowingcommandtoapplythenewconfiguration:

sudo netplan apply

6、成功应用所有配置后，通过运行以下命令重新启动 Network-Manager 服务：

6.Aftersuccessfullyapplyingalltheconfigurations,restarttheNetwork-Managerservicebyrunningthefollowingcommand:

如果是桌面版：

Ifitisthedesktopversion:

sudo systemctl restart system-networkd

如果您使用的是 Ubuntu 服务器，请改用以下命令：

IfyouareusinganUbuntuserver,usethefollowingcommandinstead:

sudo systemctl restart network-manager

7、验证IP地址

7.VerifytheIPaddress

ip a

二、Netplan配置文件详解

DetailedexplanationofNetplanconfigurationfile

1、使用 DHCP：

1.UseDHCP:

network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
enp3s0:
dhcp4: true

2、使用静态 IP：

2.UsestaticIP:

network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
enp3s0:
addresses:
– 10.0.0.10/8
gateway4: 10.0.0.1
nameservers:
search: [mydomain, otherdomain]
addresses: [10.0.0.5, 1.1.1.1]

3、多个网口 DHCP：

3.MultiplenetworkportsDHCP:

network:
version: 2
ethernets:
enred:
dhcp4: yes
dhcp4-overrides:
route-metric: 100
engreen:
dhcp4: yes
dhcp4-overrides:
route-metric: 200

4、连接开放的 WiFi（无密码）：

4.ConnecttoopenWiFi(withoutpassword):

network:
version: 2
wifis:
wl0:
access-points:
opennetwork: {}
dhcp4: yes

5、连接 WPA 加密的 WiFi：

5.ConnecttoWPAencryptedWiFi:

network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
wifis:
wlp2s0b1:
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
addresses: [10.0.0.10/8]
gateway4: 10.0.0.1
nameservers:
addresses: [10.0.0.5, 8.8.8.8]
access-points:
\”network_ssid_name\”:
password: \”**********\”

6、在单网卡上使用多个 IP 地址（同一网段）：

6.UsemultipleIPaddressesonasinglenetworkcard(samenetworksegment):

network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
enp3s0:
addresses:
– 10.0.0.10/8
– 10.0.0.10/8
gateway4: 10.0.0.1

7、在单网卡使用多个不同网段的 IP 地址：

7.UsemultipleIPaddressesofdifferentnetworksegmentsonasinglenetworkcard:

network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
enp3s0:
addresses:
– 9.0.0.9/24
– 10.0.0.10/24
– 11.0.0.11/24
#gateway4: # unset, since we configure routes below
routes:
– to: 0.0.0.0/0
via: 9.0.0.1
metric: 100
– to: 0.0.0.0/0
via: 10.0.0.1
metric: 100
– to: 0.0.0.0/0
via: 11.0.0.1
metric: 100