Kubernetes(k8s 1.23))安装与卸载详细教程

请注意k8s在1.24版本不支持docker容器，本文使用kubeadm进行搭建

1.查看系统版本信息以及修改配置信息

1.1 安装k8s时，临时关闭swap ，如果不关闭在执行kubeadm部分命令会报错

swapoff -a

或直接注释swap（需要重启生效）

[root@hhdcloudrd7 /]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Apr 19 11:43:17 2022
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under \’/dev/disk\’
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos_hhdcloudrd6-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=13a8fe45-33c8-4258-a434-133ce183d3c3 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
#/dev/mapper/centos_hhdcloudrd6-swap swap swap defaults 0 0

1.2 安装k8s时，可以临时关闭selinux，减少额外配置

setenforce 0

或修改 /etc/sysconfig/selinux 文件后重启

[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing – SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive – SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled – No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
# targeted – Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum – Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls – Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

1.3 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

1.4 启用 bridge-nf-call-iptables 预防网络问题

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables

1.5 设置网桥参数

cat << EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

1.6 修改hosts文件方便查看域名映射

[root@hhdcloudrd7 /]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.34.7 k8s-master
192.168.5.129 k8s-node1
192.168.34.8 k8s-node2

1.7 查看系统版本信息修改hostname

[root@localhost /]# hostnamectl
Static hostname: localhost.localdomain
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: 5c2c4826a7cd442a85c37d3b4dba39e0
Boot ID: 3f70bab69c37412da8eada29d50cc12c
Virtualization: vmware
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1
su root

1.8 查看cpu信息 k8s安装至少需要2核2G的环境，否则会安装失败

lscpu

2. 安装docker

进入查看docker基础

2.1 使用阿里云安装

curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker –mirror Aliyun

2.2 修改docker的 /etc/docker/daemon.json文件

[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
\”registry-mirrors\”: [\”https://t81qmnz6.mirror.aliyuncs.com\”],
\”exec-opts\”: [\”native.cgroupdriver=systemd\”]
}

2.3 修改完成后重启docker ，使docker与kubelet的cgroup 驱动一致

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
systemctl enable docker

2.4 查看kubelet驱动

cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml |grep group

3.安装kubeadm kubelet kubectl

3.1 配置k8s下载资源配置文件

cat >> /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo < EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

3.2 安装 kubelet kubeadm kubectl

yum install -y –nogpgcheck kubelet-1.23.5 kubeadm-1.23.5 kubectl-1.23.5

kubelet ：运行在cluster，负责启动pod管理容器
kubeadm ：k8s快速构建工具，用于初始化cluster
kubectl ：k8s命令工具，部署和管理应用，维护组件

3.2.1 查看是否安装成功

kubelet –version
kubectl version
kubeadm version

3.3 启动kubelet

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet

3.4 拉取init-config配置并修改配置

ps. init-config 主要是由 api server、etcd、scheduler、controller-manager、coredns等镜像构成

kubeadm config print init-defaults > init-config.yaml

3.4.1 修改刚才拉取的init-config.yaml文件

imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

[root@localhost /]# cat init-config.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
– groups:
– system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
– signing
– authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 192.168.34.7 #master节点IP地址
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: master #master节点node的名称
taints: null
—
apiServer:
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers #修改为阿里云地址
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.23.0
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler: {}

3.5 拉取k8s相关镜像

kubeadm config images pull –config=init-config.yaml

多次尝试都是超时,上网时找了很多方法依旧不行，之后找到一个命令可以查看需要拉取的镜像

使用下边的命令可以查看需要拉取的镜像

[root@localhost /]# kubeadm config images list –config init-config.yaml
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.23.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.23.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.23.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.23.0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.3-0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.6

同理可得以下脚本

#!/bin/bash
images=`kubeadm config images list –config init-config.yaml`
if [[ -n ${images} ]]
then
echo \”开始拉取镜像\”
for i in ${images};
do
echo $i
docker pull $i;
done
else
echo \”没有可拉取的镜像\”
fi

最终拉取镜像成功注意我图片上是1.24版本这个版本不支持docker容器给大家提个醒

3.6 运行kubeadm init安装master节点主要两种方法 2选一即可

主要是初始化master节点其他node节点通过 kubeadm join 进来

#方法一
kubeadm init –config=init-config.yaml
#方法二
kubeadm init –apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.34.7 –apiserver-bind-port=6443 –pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 –service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 –kubernetes-version=1.23.5 –image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

推荐使用第二种方法，我在使用第一种方法时候遇到了网络插件pod启动失败导致corndns的pod也创建失败的情况，我是用的是kube-flannel，他的状态一直是CrashLoopBackOff 经过查看log信息，需要去/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml下增加这两条信息

–allocate-node-cidrs=true
–cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

下载完成后可以看到这个界面

ps. 如果下载失败执行 kubeadm reset ，重新执行kubeadm init

之前有使用kubeadm安装过，需要提前把之前的kube文件删除掉

rm -rf $HOME/.kube

在master节点运行以下三行命令执行完成后可以通过 kubeadm token list获取token

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

如果是使用1.24版本需要安装对应的CRI容器要不然就会报这个错误[ERROR CRI]: container runtime is not running: output: time=“2022-05-19T16:02:33+08:00” level=fatal msg=“getting status of runtime: rpc error: code = Unimplemented desc = unknown service runtime.v1alpha2.RuntimeService”, error: exit status 1

3.7 查看token信息以及生成永久token

3.7.1 查看存在的token

kubeadm token list

3.7.2 生成永久token

kubeadm token create –ttl 0

3.7.3 生成 Master 节点的 ca 证书 sha256 编码 hash 值

openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed \’s/^.* //\’

3.7.4 在node节点执行加入master命令

kubeadm join 192.168.34.7:6443 –token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \\
–discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d06b56614f1fcbf3e852bc440ab96a9c8846f7b2f1efd740fe320dc22705f485

3.7.5 在master节点查看加入的node节点或删除节点

kubectl get nodes
kubectl delete nodes 节点名称

3.7.6 master节点删除node节点后，node节点再次加入需要在node节点执行 kubeadm reset

3.7.7 部署网络插件 kube-flannel.yml 并应用获取运行中容器

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

3.7.8 或使用 weave 网络插件和 kube-flannel 2选一就可以

wget http://static.corecore.cn/weave.v2.8.1.yaml
kubectl apply -f weave.v2.8.1.yaml

3.8 查看kubelet日志

journalctl -xefu kubelet

3.9 kubernetes中文文档

Kubernetes中文社区 | 中文文档

4.卸载k8s

yum -y remove kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo kubeadm reset -f
sudo rm -rvf $HOME/.kube
sudo rm -rvf ~/.kube/
sudo rm -rvf /etc/kubernetes/
sudo rm -rvf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
sudo rm -rvf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
sudo rm -rvf /usr/bin/kube*
sudo rm -rvf /etc/cni
sudo rm -rvf /opt/cni
sudo rm -rvf /var/lib/etcd
sudo rm -rvf /var/etcd

到此这篇关于Kubernetes(k8s1.23))安装与卸载的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关k8s安装卸载内容请搜索悠久资源网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持悠久资源网！