Apache Tomcat服务部署网站的项目实践

Tomcat是Apache软件基金会的Jakarta项目中的一个核心项目,由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成.由于有了Sun的参与和支持,最新的Servlet和JSP规范总是能在Tomcat中得到体现,因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定,而且免费,因而深受Java爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可,成为目前比较流行的Web应用服务器.

Tomcat环境搭建

1.由于Tomcat使用Java开发,所以应该下载并安装JDK.

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf jdk-*.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/jdk-*/ /usr/local/jdk

2.修改环境配置文件写入以下内容,保证下次开机配置好Java环境.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile
#——————————————————————
#Java-JDK-Path
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export JAVA_BIN=/usr/local/jdk/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH
#——————————————————————
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile

3.下载并解压安装Tomcat.

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat9.0.7.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-9.0.7.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.7/ /usr/local/tomcat

4.修改环境配置文件写入以下内容.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile
#——————————————————————
#Apache-Tomcat-Path
export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export PATH=$PATH:$TOMCAT_HOME/bin
#——————————————————————
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile

5.赋予可执行权限,启动Tomcat,并设置成开机自启动.

[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/tomcat/bin/*
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
[root@localhost ~]# echo \”/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start\” >> /etc/profile

部署静态页面

1.创建一个默认目录,用来保存起始页面.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/webindex
[root@localhost ~]# echo \”hello world\” > /usr/local/tomcat/webindex/index.html

2.修改tomcat主配置文件,具体只需要修改两处位置即可.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
–>
<Connector port=\”80\” protocol=\”HTTP/1.1\” #将此处端口改为80
connectionTimeout=\”20000\”
redirectPort=\”8443\” />
<!– A \”Connector\” using the shared thread pool–>
<!–
……
<!– Access log processes all example.
Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern=\”common\” –>
<Valve className=\”org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve\” directory=\”logs\”
prefix=\”localhost_access_log\” suffix=\”.txt\”
pattern=\”%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b\” />
<Context path=\”\” docBase=\”/usr/local/tomcat/webindex\” reloadable=\”false\” /> #添加本行,指定一下配置文件位置
</Host>
</Engine>

3.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

Java-war包部署

1.将War包拷入到/usr/local/tomcat/webapps目录下,并删除 ROOT 缓存目录.

[root@localhost ~]# cp -a *.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@localhost ~]# rm -fr /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/*

2.编辑Tomcat主配置文件,在相应的区域中加入以下标★语句.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
</Realm>
<Host name=\”localhost\” appBase=\”webapps\” unpackWARs=\”true\” autoDeploy=\”true\”>
★ <Context path=\”\” docBase=\”war包名称.war\” debug=\”0\” privileged=\”true\”/>
<!– SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html –>
<!–
<Valve className=\”org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn\” />

3.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

Tomcat虚拟主机

基于端口虚拟主机

基于端口的虚拟主机,可以让用户通过端口号,来访问服务器上的资源,在配置虚拟网站时,基于端口的配置方式最为复杂,以下实验将实现在一台服务器上配置多个端口,搭建多个网站,每个网站使用一个端口.

1.首先在tomcat目录创建两个目录分别存放两个虚拟主机页面.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2
[root@localhost ~]# echo \”vhost1\” > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# echo \”vhost2\” > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2/index.html

2.修改主配置文件,添加在server.xml,中设置两个service组件.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<Service name=\”Catalina\”>
<Connector port=\”80\” protocol=\”HTTP/1.1\” connectionTimeout=\”20000\” redirectPort=\”8443\” />
<Connector port=\”8009\” protocol=\”AJP/1.3\” redirectPort=\”8443\” />
<Engine name=\”Catalina\” defaultHost=\”localhost\”>
<Realm className=\”org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm\”>
<Realm className=\”org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm\” resourceName=\”UserDatabase\”/>
</Realm>
<Host name=\”localhost\” appBase=\”webapps\” unpackWARs=\”true\” autoDeploy=\”true\”>
<Valve className=\”org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve\” directory=\”logs\” prefix=\”localhost_access_log\” suffix=\”.txt\” pattern=\”%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b\” />
<Context path=\”\” docBase=\”/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1\” reloadable=\”false\” />
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
<Service name=\”Catalina1\”>
<Connector port=\”8080\” protocol=\”HTTP/1.1\” connectionTimeout=\”20000\” redirectPort=\”8443\” />
<Connector port=\”8009\” protocol=\”AJP/1.3\” redirectPort=\”8443\” />
<Engine name=\”Catalina1\” defaultHost=\”localhost\”>
<Realm className=\”org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm\”>
<Realm className=\”org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm\” resourceName=\”UserDatabase\”/>
</Realm>
<Host name=\”localhost\” appBase=\”webapps\” unpackWARs=\”true\” autoDeploy=\”true\”>
<Valve className=\”org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve\” directory=\”logs\” prefix=\”localhost_access_log\” suffix=\”.txt\” pattern=\”%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b\” />
<Context path=\”\” docBase=\”/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2\” reloadable=\”false\” />
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>

3.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

基于域名虚拟主机

当服务器无法为每一个网站分配一个独立的IP的时候,可以尝试让Apache自动识别用户请求的域名,从而根据不同的域名请求来传输不同的内容,这里我们为了验证实验要手动搭建一个DNS解析,以下实验将实现在一台服务器上多个域名,搭建多个网站,每个网站使用一个域名.

1.配置域名与Ip的映射管理,这里你可以配置DNS解析,也可以直接写host文件测试.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 www.wang.com www
127.0.0.1 www.rui.com www

2.在tomcat目录创建两个目录分别存放两个虚拟主机页面.

3.修改server.xml主配置文件,修改以下内容即可.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<Service name=\”Catalina\”>
<Connector port=\”80\” protocol=\”HTTP/1.1\” connectionTimeout=\”20000\” redirectPort=\”8443\” />
<Connector port=\”8009\” protocol=\”AJP/1.3\” redirectPort=\”8443\” />
<Engine name=\”Catalina\” defaultHost=\”localhost\”>
<Realm className=\”org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm\”>
<Realm className=\”org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm\” resourceName=\”UserDatabase\”/>
</Realm>
<Host name=\”www.wang.com\” appBase=\”webapps\” unpackWARs=\”true\” autoDeploy=\”true\”>
<Valve className=\”org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve\” directory=\”logs\” prefix=\”localhost_access_log\” suffix=\”.txt\” pattern=\”%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b\” />
<Context path=\”\” docBase=\”/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1\” reloadable=\”false\” />
</Host>
<Host name=\”www.rui.com\” appBase=\”webapps\” unpackWARs=\”true\” autoDeploy=\”true\”>
<Valve className=\”org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve\” directory=\”logs\” prefix=\”localhost_access_log\” suffix=\”.txt\” pattern=\”%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b\” />
<Context path=\”\” docBase=\”/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2\” reloadable=\”false\” />
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>